Authors:
FUENTES-DÁVILA Guillermo, TORRES-CRUZ María Monserrat, FÉLIX-VALENCIA Pedro, ROSASJÁUREGUI Ivón Alejandra and FÉLIX-FUENTES José Luis ,Mexico |
Abstract:
The state of Sonora in Mexico generates 52% of the wheat production in the country. Leaf rust
(LR) is an endemic disease in the southern part of the state where it has caused epiphytotics. The
objective of this work was to analyze the presence and development of this disease in the Yaqui
and Mayo Valleys and in Huatabampo, during the crop season fall-winter 2021-2022. Data were
collected from the automated weather station network in the state and from the weekly bulletins
published by the local Plant Health Councils (LHPC). The crop season began abnormally warm,
December had a historical average maximum temperature (30.6°C); then, the moderate to low
temperatures prevailing from the second fortnight of January on, were conducive for
accumulation of cold units which favored the development of the wheat crop. LR was detected in
Huatabampo on January 21, a region characterized by high humidity where the first two weeks
of the year 2022 had over 76% RH; the disease also increased rapidly due to the susceptibility of
durum cultivar CIRNO C2008 sown in over 201,000 ha. The timely intervention of the LPHC´s
with farmers and the low temperatures that prevailed from the second fortnight of January to
March induced proper control of the disease and a good grain yield in the region. The percentage
of wheat fields monitored that had LR were 100% in Huatabampo, 70.52% and 68.69% in the
Yaqui and Mayo Valleys, respectively.
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