The study analyses the agronomic factors of rice production among smallholders’ farmers in Ayamelum Local Government Area, Anambra State had two objectives which identified the various species of rice produced; determined the factors influencing output, and the constraints faced by the farmers in the sector. The null hypothesis tries to establish the link between some important factors and the farmer’s profit from rice production. Data were collected from a random sample of 120 respondents and were analysed with a multiple regression analysis, and mean threshold from the 4-point Likert scale. The study revealed that from the lead functional form (semi-log), the factors influencing rice output include age (2.20) **, sex (6.12) ***, marital status (5.40) ***, farming experience (2.20) **, access to credit (7.87) ***, and extension contacts (3.65) ***. The null hypothesis that no factors were influencing the profit from the enterprise was rejected on the basis of the following significant factors: age (6.71) ***, sex (2.31) **, marital status (6.00) ***, farming experience (4.03) ***, farm size (6.21) ***, labour cost (9.64) ***, fertilizer cost (4.33) ***, transportation cost (3.76) ***, and planting materials (7.45) ***. Furthermore, some of the constraints to rice production in the study are poor storage facilities, high cost of input, and inadequate capital among others. The researcher, therefore, recommends that policymakers should adopt a holistic approach to problem-solving to address these challenges.