The widespread decline in soil fertility in Mali, combined with the effects of climate change, represents a major challenge for the development of national agriculture. It is in this context that this study was conducted, the objective of which is to contribute to food and nutritional security in Mali, through the promotion of agroecological production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Two contrasting agroecological zones were selected for the study: Bougouni (South) and Bankass (Center-East). The effect of two types of compost (pit compost and heap compost), applied at two doses (7.5 t/ha and 15 t/ha), plus two controls (mineral fertilization and a control without input) was evaluated with the application of a bio-insecticide, on the resistance of okra to pests. The experimental design used is a randomized Fisher block with three replications, implemented over three consecutive years in the two localities. The results showed that compost, whatever its form, had a significant effect on the resistance of okra to pests in both study areas. Our results revealed that organic fertilization through compost has a significant effect on the level of resistance of okra in both study areas. The doses of 15 tonnes and 7.5 tonnes of compost in pits and piles induced the best levels of resistance and also the best fruit yields ranging from 7601 kg/ha to 6944 kg/ha compared to an average of 6617.5 kg/ha for simple mineral fertilization and 4385.5 kg/ha for the control without input. The use of compost has many advantages for producers: it is locally available, inexpensive, improves soil fertility and contributes to increasing okra yield while strengthening its resistance to pests.