In the face of growing environmental uncertainties, understanding what drives farmers’ satisfaction with profits has become more crucial than ever for sustainable agriculture. This study explores the influence of environmental factors on rice farmers’ profit satisfaction in Niger State, Nigeria, using an ordered probit model. Profit satisfaction, measured ordinally, is examined in relation to soil quality, water availability, climate risk awareness, and land management practices. A multistage sampling method was employed to collect data in 2024 from 350 randomly selected rice farmers across three Local Government Areas. Socioeconomic variables such as age, education, farm size, experience, and access to information were included to control for confounding effects. Descriptive analysis shows most farmers reported moderate to high profit satisfaction. The ordered probit results reveal that better soil fertility and reliable water access significantly enhance profit satisfaction (p < 0.01). Climate risk awareness and adaptive land practices also positively influence satisfaction (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic factors— particularly higher education, larger farm size, and access to extension services—amplify these positive effects. In contrast, older age and smaller farms correlate with lower satisfaction. The model exhibited strong explanatory power (pseudo R² = 0.28), with diagnostic tests validating model assumptions. Marginal effects suggest improving soil fertility can raise the likelihood of high satisfaction by 15 percentage points. Similarly, irrigation and climate-smart practices yield substantial benefits. The findings highlight the importance of environmental management— especially soil health and water security—in enhancing farmers’ economic outcomes. The study recommends that policy should be geared toward credit enhancement, extension reformation, irrigation improvement, promotion of integrated input use, and strengthen of cooperatives to boost rice farmers’ profit satisfaction.