Naturally colored cotton fiber is an environmentally friendly and economically beneficial raw material, as its cultivation reduces the need for chemical dyes and enables the production of health-safe textile products. However, the industrial application of such fibers is limited, primarily due to their shorter length and lower strength. In this study, naturally brown and green fibered cotton samples belonging to the species Gossypium hirsutum L. were crossed with white fibered varieties in a full diallel scheme. The resulting F1 hybrids were evaluated for the inheritance patterns of key agronomic traits, including vegetation period, plant productivity, boll weight, lint yield, lint index, and 1000-seed weight. Analysis based on dominance coefficient (hp) and heterosis effect (Ht) revealed that plant productivity exhibited positive overdominance in 90% of combinations. At the same time, lint yield and vegetation period were mostly inherited under incomplete dominance. These findings provide a significant genetic basis for improving selection programs aimed at developing high-quality, naturally colored cotton varieties with desirable agronomic traits.