In this article, it was a question of highlighting the models of demogenetic and phylogenetic evolution of Sitophilus zeamais, the main pest of maize stocks in Africa, in 2 humid and arid agroclimatic zones of West and Central Africa. Methods: The insects were therefore collected from the same storage means, in four countries in the humid agro-climatic zone and five in the arid agro-climatic zone. Results: The mitochondrial DNA of these insects was extracted and the cytochrome b gene sequenced. The exploitation of these sequences has shown a demographic expansion in arid agro-climatic zones and a demographic stability in humid agro-climatic zones. The phylogenetic trees did not clearly show a genetic structure of the insect according to the two agro-climatic zones and a close phylogenetic relationship of the individuals of the two sets. Conclusion: The demographic stability and the low genetic diversity of the population of the humid agro-climatic zone can be the signal of a bottleneck or the pledge of a population on the brink of extinction. While the population of the arid agro-climatic zone exhibiting a population expansion and a high genetic diversity may exhibit a greater resilience.